The following basic considerations are fundamental to any power system design: 

1- Basic Safety: 
The power system must be able to perform all of its basic functions, and withstand basic abnormal conditions, without damage to the system or to personnel. 

2- Basic Functionality: 
The power system must be able to distribute power from the source to the connected loads in a reliable manner under normal conditions. 

3- Reasonable Cost: 
The power system cost to obtain basic safety and functionality should be reasonable. 

4- Code Compliance: 
All applicable codes must be complied with. 


Above and beyond the basics are a multitude of considerations, some of which will apply to each particular system design: 

1- Enhanced Safety: 
The ability to withstand extremely abnormal conditions with a minimum of risk to personnel 

2- Enhanced Reliability: 
The ability to maintain service continuity during abnormal system conditions 

3- Enhanced Maintainability: 
The system can be maintained with minimum interruption to service and with minimum personnel protective equipment. 

4- Enhanced Flexibility: 
The ability to add future loads to the system, and with loads of a different nature than currently exist on the system 

5- Enhanced Space Economy: 
The power system takes up the smallest possible physical space. 

6- Enhanced Simplicity: 
The power system is easy to understand and operate. 

7- Reduced Cost: 
The power system costs, both first cost and operating cost, are low. 

8- Enhanced Power Quality: 
The power system currents and voltages are sinusoidal, without large amounts of harmonics present. System voltage magnitudes do not change appreciably. 

9- Enhanced Transparency: 
The power system data at all levels is easily acquired and interpreted, and the power system is easily interfaced with other building systems. Enhanced control of the system is also possible. 


for next article we will see that industrial buildings parameters while electrification design and execution..... 


HAPPY DASARA TO ALL OF MY FRIENDS........... 

good evening friends 

electricity plays very important role for all types of segments ...mainly now we that types of building ...

Why an electrical designer must be familiar with the Major Types of buildings? 

That is because that the electrical network configuration is determined dependent on the requirements resulting from the building’s use and other additional factors which makes every building to be unique in its own way. 

As professionals want to make efficient Electrical Design, it is important to have a preliminary imagination for every building type and that we will do in the following topics.

1. Industrial buildings 
2. Commercial buildings 
3. Residential buildings 
4. Agricultural buildings 
5. Educational buildings 
6. Transportation buildings 
7. Religious buildings 
8. Parking and storage 
9. Military buildings 
10. Governmental buildings 
11. Cultural buildings 
12. Other buildings

types of building pics.........

1- Industrial buildings:
A building designed to house industrial operations and provides the necessary conditions for workers and the operation of industrial equipment. 

2- Commercial buildings:
A building with more than 50 percent of its floor space used for commercial activities. Commercial buildings include, but are not limited to, office buildings, industrial property, medical centers, hotels, malls, retail stores, shopping centers, farm land, multifamily housing buildings, warehouses, and garages.

3- Residential buildings:
A building used or designed to be used in whole or in part for residential purposes and includes an associated outbuilding of and other improvement to a building used or designed to be used in whole or in part for residential purposes, but does not include a floating mobile home. 

4- Agricultural buildings :
Agricultural buildings are structures designed for farming and agricultural practices, including but not limited to: growing and harvesting of crops and raising livestock and small animals. 

5- Educational buildings :
Buildings used for academic or technical classroom instruction, such as elementary, middle, or high schools, and classroom buildings on college or university campuses. 

Buildings on education campuses for which the main use is not classroom are included in the category relating to their use. For example, administration buildings are part of “Office”, dormitories are “Lodging”, and libraries are “Public Assembly”. 

6- Transportation buildings :
A building Include machines that used as means of transportation, they include, but are not limited to, railway station, airports, and sea ports. 

7- Religious buildings: 
Buildings in which people gather for religious activities, (such as chapels, churches, mosques, synagogues, and temples) 

8- Parking and storage: 
A building /Space in which to park vehicles. 

9- Military buildings :
They are any structure designed to house functions performed by a military unit. 

10-Governmental buildings :
A building that houses a branch of government. 

11-Cultural buildings:
A building contain any type of Cultural Heritage they include, but are not limited to, museums, libraries, theaters, cinemas. 

12-Other buildings:
A building that is not included in all building types above like mobile homes. 

thank you friends......

will come soon 

good morning friends.........

after long time i have be here because of i am not feeling well ...........

today we will see the over view of power generation ,transmission and distribution of electrical energy
There are three stages of electric power supply  ; generation, transmission and distribution. Each stage must be understood generally to any electrical engineer and here we will give a general overview of these stages as follows: 
Generation stage: 
Electricity generation is the process of generating electric energy from other forms of energy.

Electrical power starts at the power plant, In almost all cases the power plant consists of a spinning electrical generator. A generator is a machine that transforms mechanical energy into electric power. 


Something has to spin that generator; it might be a water wheel in a hydroelectric dam, a large diesel engine or a gas turbine. But in most cases the thing spinning the generator is a steam turbine 

The steam might be created by burning coal, oil, natural gas or the fission of nuclear fuel. And some generating stations use renewable energy sources like sun & wind.........


Transmission stage: 
Electric-power transmission is the bulk transfer of electrical energy; from generating power plants to substations located near population centers ...
 3-phase power leaves the generator and enters a transmission substation at the power plant . This substation uses large transformers to convert the generator's voltage (which is at the thousands of volts level) up to extremely high voltages for long-distance transmission on the transmission grid. Typical voltages for long distance transmission are in the 155,000 to 765,000 volt range in order to reduce line losses.

The Distribution stage:

Electricity distribution is the final stage in the delivery of electricity to end users. A distribution system's network carries electricity from the transmission system and delivery to consumers .....



thank you for basic article..........